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How to create bootable USB drives ?

What You Need: A USB flash drive with good storage capacity; preferably 4GB or more. Access to a computer running Windows Vista or Windows 7. A CD or DVD containing software you want to download. Getting Started: Connect the USB flash drive to a computer running Windows Vista or 7 and follow the steps below: Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Right click on Command Prompt > Run as Administrator Type ‘diskpart' and press Enter to start the built in Windows disk partitioning utility  Type 'list disk' and press Enter. Identify your USB Flash drive and make a note of the disk number.  Here in this example, My USB flash drive is Disk 1.  Type 'select disk 1' and press Enter.   Type ‘clean’ and press Enter. The clean command will remove partitions or volume formatting from the selected disk (disk 1) by zeroing sectors.  Now to create a partition, type 'create partition primary’ and press Enter.  Type 'select partition 1',

Red Hat Enterprise File System Hierarchy

Do you know the Red Hat File system directories and its usage ? Below are the list of the primary Red Hat Enterprise Linux system directories: /bin/ — Used to store user commands. The directory /usr/bin/ also stores user commands. /sbin/ — Location of many system commands, such as shutdown. The directory /usr/sbin/ also contains many system commands. /root/ — The home directory of root, the superuser. /misc/ — This directory is used for automatically mounting directories on removeable devices (such as Zip drives) and remote directories (such as NFS shares) usingautofs. Refer to the autofs manual page (type man autofs at a shell prompt) for more information. /mnt/ — This directory typically contains the mount points for file systems mounted after the system is booted. /media/ — This directory contains the mount points for removable media, such as diskettes, CD-ROMs, and USB flash drives. /boot/ — Contains the kernel and other files used during system startup. /lost+foun

How to Turn off (UAC) User Account Control in Windows 2008 (R2)

If you are new to Windows Server 2008, then you are probably wondering why you are getting “Permission Denied” errors when attempting to even open your C drive folder. To help prevent malicious software from silently installing and causing computer-wide infection, Microsoft developed a feature called User Account Control. To get around these errors, you can simply disable the “User Account Control: Run all administrators in Admin Approval Mode” security option. To disable this feature, follow these steps, or simply let us know and we will take care of it for you: Turning off UAC Use the following procedure to disable UAC entirely. To perform the following procedure, you must be able to log on with or provide the credentials of a member of the local Administrators group. Important: Turning off UAC reduces the security of your computer and may expose you to increased risk from malicious software. Microsoft does not recommend leaving UAC disabled. To turn off UAC Click Star

Linux Equivalents Of Dos Commands

Linux Equivalents Of  Dos Commands Are you a Dos command pro but finding it a little difficult to settle down with Linux command lines? Here's some help! Linux command line is the most powerful tool of Linux, that can help you do almost every thing right from the shell. And if you are aware of the Dos commands, learning Linux command line becomes a lot more easier. Below is a list of Linux equivalents 36 Dos commands to help you out. You can also read and more Linux commands in this list of  83 Linux Commands For Beginners . DOS commands Linux command Function assign ln Create a file or directory link /? man Help about the command break on trap Trap ctrl-break / Trap signals cd cd Change directory chdir pwd Display directory location cls clear Clear screen copy cp Copy a file date date Displays or sets the date del rm Deletes one or more files dir ls Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory doskey /h history history List command history echo e

How to Install the Desktop Experience feature in Windows 2008 Server

If you are tired of using the Windows Classic theme on your Server 2008, you can install Desktop Experience so that you can enjoy the eye candy goodness of the Vista theme. Desktop Experience will also install Windows Media Player, Windows Sidebar and photo gallery. Follow these steps to install Desktop Experience and liven up your server: The Desktop Experience installs a variety of features, including Windows Media Player. It is required for the proper operation of Moxie Studio and Player on Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2. 1. Click Start and select Server Manager 2. When the Server Manager window appears, go to the left pane and select  Features . 3. On the right, click the  Add Features  link. 4. Check the  Desktop Experience  checkbox 5. Click Next. 6. Click Install 7. When the installation is complete, Windows will notify you that you must restart your server to complete the process. After you have rebooted, go to  Services  and m

Example syntax for Secure Copy (scp)

Example syntax for Secure Copy ( scp ) What is Secure Copy? scp  allows files to be copied to, from, or between different hosts. It uses  ssh  for data transfer and provides the same authentication and same level of security as  ssh . Examples Copy the file "foobar.txt" from a remote host to the local host $ scp your_username@remotehost.edu:foobar.txt /some/local/directory Copy the file "foobar.txt" from the local host to a remote host $ scp foobar.txt your_username@remotehost.edu:/some/remote/directory Copy the directory "foo" from the local host to a remote host's directory "bar" $ scp -r foo your_username@remotehost.edu:/some/remote/directory/bar Copy the file "foobar.txt" from remote host "rh1.edu" to remote host "rh2.edu" $ scp your_username@rh1.edu:/some/remote/directory/foobar.txt \ your_username@rh2.edu:/some/remote/directory/ Copying the files "foo.txt" and &qu

Windows Server 2008 R2 Upgrade Paths

Updated: April 7, 2010 Applies To: Windows Server 2008 R2 This document outlines supported and unsupported upgrade paths for editions of the Windows Server® 2008 R2 operating system. Unsupported Upgrade Scenarios Upgrades to Windows Server 2008 R2 from the following operating systems are not supported: Windows® 95, Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows XP, Windows Vista®, Windows Vista Starter, or Windows 7 Windows NT® Server 4.0, Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003 RTM, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 Web, Windows Server 2008 R2 M3, or Windows Server 2008 R2 Beta Windows Server 2003 for Itanium-based Systems, Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems, Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-based Systems Cross-architecture in-place upgrades (for example, x86 to x64) are not supported. Cross-language in-place upgrades (for example, en-us to de-de) are not supported. Cross-edition upgrades (for example, the Windows Server 2008 F

Upgrading Windows Server 2008 R2 with a command-line tool using DISM

Windows Server 2008 R2 includes a command-line tool called the Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool, or DISM. It's functionally equivalent to the Windows Anytime Upgrade feature in client versions of Windows. You can run it from an elevated command prompt. To determine the currently installed edition: DISM /online /Get-CurrentEdition To determine the editions you can upgrade to: DISM /online /Get-TargetEditions To actually perform an upgrade: DISM /online /Set-Edition:<edition ID> /ProductKey:XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX

Windows Commands Useful to Administrators

1. systeminfo - It will display all the system information in cmd line 2. set - will display all the environment variables 3. cmd  > filename.txt - will copy the output of the commands    eg: systeminfo > systeminfo_output.txt 4. Ping IP/Hostname - To check the machine available in network or not 5.PathPing IP/Hostname -  Helps to find the slow network routers are switch 6. nslookup ip/domainname - To find ip and domain name 7. ipconfig - To find the ip address of the system

Upgrade Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard To Enterprise Or Datacenter Edition

If you need to upgrade a server running Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard to either the Enterprise, or Datacenter editions, it’s possible to do so online, without re-installing Windows. Open an elevated command prompt and type DISM /Online /Get-CurrentEdition.  This will return the current Windows version. Type DISM /Online /Get-TargetEditions to list the Windows editions to which this server can be upgraded. If you type DISM /Online /Set-Edition:ServerDataCenter you’ll get the message in the screenshot below.  This is because even if you’re using a KMS server for internal activation, you have to provide a product key.  Fortunately, Microsoft have a page that lists the KMS client setup keys  http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff793421.aspx .  On this page you can find keys for Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise and Datacenter. Typing DISM /Online /Set-Edition:ServerDataCenter /ProductKey:xxxxxx will upgrade the operating system.  All that’s required to complete the

Upgrading Windows Server 2008 R2 without media

Windows Server 2008 R2 introduces a new command-line utility, DISM, the Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool.    One of DISM’s many useful features is the ability to use its edition-servicing commands to upgrade an R2 installation without requiring install media.  This is functionally equivalent to Windows Anytime Upgrade in a Windows 7 client install, and can be performed on both an online or offline image, and on both full Server and Server Core installations. Upgrades using the edition servicing method are quick, and don’t require a full reinstall of the operating system.  Deployed roles and features, and other characteristics (machine name, user and admin accounts, etc) are persisted forward.     Because the target editions are staged within the image, only the updates necessary to move from edition to the next are applied. The upgrade options are limited to edition families, and are irreversible – you can’t downgrade once you’ve gone up an edition.  Additionall

What's different between Ctrl+Z and Ctrl+C in Unix command line?

Control + Z  is used for suspending a process by sending it the signal  SIGSTOP , which cannot be intercepted by the program. While  Control + C  is used to kill a process with the signal  SIGINT , and can be intercepted by a program so it can clean its self up before exiting, or not exit at all. If you suspend a process, this will show up in the shell to tell you it has been suspended: [1]+ Stopped yes However, if you kill one, you won't see any confirmation other than being dropped back to a shell prompt. When you suspend a process, you can do fancy things with it, too. For instance, running this: fg With a program suspended will bring it back to the foreground. And running the command bg With a program suspended will allow it to run in the background (the program's output will still go to the TTY, though). If you want to kill a suspended program, you don't have to bring it back with  fg  first, you can simply do the command: kill %1 I

List of FTP commands for the Microsoft command-line FTP client

Command-line options As you're starting the program from a DOS prompt: ftp [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [computer] -v  - Suppresses  verbose  display of remote server responses. -n  - Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection. -i  - Turns off interactive  prompting  during multiple file transfers. -d  - Enables  debugging , displaying all ftp commands passed between the client and server. -g  - Disables filename  globbing , which permits the use of wildcard chracters in local file and path names. -s:filename  - Specifies a text file containing ftp commands; the commands will automatically run after ftp starts. No spaces are allowed in this parameter. Use this switch instead of redirection (>). -a  - Use any local interface when binding data connection. -w:windowsize  - Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096. computer  - Specifies the computer name or IP address of the remote computer to connect to. The computer, if sp